Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl):Composition:

• Sodium (Na+): 154 mEq/L
• Chloride (Cl-): 154 mEq/L

Indications:

• Fluid resuscitation
• Hypovolemia
• Hyponatremia

Contraindications:

• Hypernatremia
• Fluid overload

‍Lactated Ringer's Solution (LR or Ringer's Lactate):Composition:

• Sodium (Na+): 130 mEq/L
• Potassium (K+): 4 mEq/L
• Calcium (Ca2+): 3 mEq/L
• Chloride (Cl-): 109 mEq/L
• Lactate: 28 mEq/L

Indications:

• Fluid resuscitation
• Dehydration
• Burns
• Acute blood loss

Contraindications:

• Hyperkalemia
• Severe liver disease

‍5% Dextrose in Water (D5W):Composition:

• Dextrose (Glucose): 5 g/100 mL

Indications:

• Provides free water and calories
• Hyponatremia correction (when combined with electrolyte solutions)

Contraindications:

• Not appropriate for primary volume expansion
• Caution in diabetic patients due to high glucose content

‍0.45% Saline (Half-Normal Saline or 0.45% NaCl):​Composition:

• Sodium (Na+): 77 mEq/L
• Chloride (Cl-): 77 mEq/L

Indications:

• Cellular dehydration
• Maintenance fluids

Contraindications:

• Hypernatremia
• Fluid overload

‍Dextrose Saline Solutions:

• These solutions combine dextrose and saline in various concentrations, providing electrolytes similar to the corresponding saline solution.
• Indications and contraindications similar to the corresponding saline solutions.

​3% or 5% Saline (Hypertonic Saline):Composition:

• ​Sodium (Na+): 513 mEq/L (in 3% saline)
• Sodium (Na+): 855 mEq/L (in 5% saline)
• Chloride (Cl-): Corresponding to the sodium content

Indications:

• ​Severe hyponatremia
• Cerebral edema

Contraindications:

• ​Hypernatremia
• Hyperchloremic acidosis

‍Plasma-Lyte:Composition:

• ​Sodium (Na+): 140 mEq/L
• Potassium (K+): 5 mEq/L
• Calcium (Ca2+): 3 mEq/L
• Magnesium (Mg2+): 3 mEq/L
• Chloride (Cl-): 98 mEq/L
• Acetate (CH3COO-): 27 mEq/L

Indications:

• ​Fluid and electrolyte replacement
• Metabolic alkalosis

Contraindications:

• ​Hyperkalemia
• Severe kidney dysfunction

‍Albumin Solution:Indications:

• Hypovolemia
• Hypoalbuminemia
• Burns
• Nephrotic syndrome

Contraindications:

• ​Severe heart failure
• Known allergy to albumin

‍Hetastarch (Hydroxyethyl Starch):​Indications:

• Volume expansion
• Hypovolemia

​​​​Contraindications:

• ​ Renal impairment
• Coagulopathy
• Bleeding disorders

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