NPO Guidelines

NPO (Nil Per Os) Status refers to the medical instruction to withhold oral intake of food and fluids. It is commonly required before surgeries or certain medical tests to minimize the risk of aspiration and other complications. NPO guidelines often specify different levels of restriction, including clear liquids, milk, and full liquids.

General NPO Guidelines:

1. Clear Liquids:
   • Definition: Clear liquids are easily digestible fluids that leave little residue in the digestive tract.
   • Examples: Water, clear broths, apple juice, cranberry juice, tea, coffee (without milk/cream), sports drinks, and gelatin.
   • Timing: Clear liquids are typically allowed up to 2 hours before surgery or a procedure.
2. Full Liquids:
   • Definition: Full liquids include all clear liquids plus additional options that are liquid or semi-liquid at room temperature.
   • Examples: Milk, milkshakes, ice cream, cream soups, pudding, and yogurt.
   • Timing: Full liquids are generally restricted starting 6 hours before surgery or a procedure.
3. Solid Foods:
   • Definition: This category includes any food that is solid or requires chewing.
   • Timing: Solid foods should generally be avoided starting 8 hours before surgery or a procedure.
4. Specific Guidelines for Different Types of Liquids:
   • Clear Liquids: Allowed up to 2 hours before anesthesia.
     • Examples: Water, apple juice, black coffee, tea.
   • Breast Milk: Allowed up to 4 hours before anesthesia.
   • Infant Formula: Allowed up to 6 hours before anesthesia.
   • Non-Human Milk: Allowed up to 6 hours before anesthesia.
   • Light Meals: Typically includes toast and clear liquids, allowed up to 6 hours before anesthesia.
   • Full Meals: Includes fatty or fried foods, should be avoided at least 8 hours before anesthesia.

Special Considerations:

• Medications:
  • Most medications can be taken with a small sip of water unless otherwise instructed by the healthcare provider.
  • Specific instructions should be provided for medications like insulin or blood thinners.
• Hydration:
  • Adequate hydration with clear liquids is important to prevent dehydration. Follow specific guidelines provided by the healthcare provider.

Postoperative Considerations:

• Resuming Diet:
  • Patients are usually allowed to resume clear liquids first, followed by a gradual progression to full liquids and then solid foods, based on their tolerance and medical advice.

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